Plain-English Explanation

Plain English Summary

Overview

Section 75 of the Customs Act, 1962, allows a drawback of customs duties paid on imported materials that are used in the manufacture of goods which are subsequently exported. This provision aims to promote exports by reducing the cost burden on manufacturers who rely on imported inputs.

Who Does This Apply To?

This section primarily applies to manufacturers and exporters in India who use imported materials to produce goods that are then exported. It also affects Customs officers responsible for administering and processing drawback claims.

How It Works

Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of how Section 75 functions:

  • Notification by Central Government: The Central Government, through a notification in the Official Gazette, specifies the classes of goods eligible for drawback. This notification is crucial as it defines the scope of the drawback benefit.
  • Imported Materials: The drawback is available on customs duties paid on imported materials used in the manufacture, processing, or any operation carried out on the exported goods.
  • Exportation: The goods must be entered for export and a proper officer must have issued an order permitting clearance and loading for exportation under Section 51 of the Customs Act. Goods exported by post under Section 84(a) and cleared for export by the proper officer are also covered.
  • Claiming the Drawback: The exporter files a claim for drawback, supported by relevant certificates, documents, and evidence. The rules framed under subsection (2) prescribe the necessary documentation and procedures.
  • Verification: Customs officers may inspect the manufacturer's premises to verify the processes and statements made in the drawback claim.
  • Drawback Amount: The drawback can be equal to the duty actually paid on the imported materials or an average amount of duty, as specified in the rules. Interest, if any, payable on such duty, may also be included.
  • Recovery/Adjustment: If the sale proceeds for the exported goods are not received within the time allowed under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999, the drawback is deemed never to have been allowed. Rules specify the procedure for recovering or adjusting the drawback amount.
  • Excess Imported Material: If more of a particular imported material is imported than used in exported goods, the government can declare a portion of the imported material to be deemed imported material for drawback purposes.

Important Conditions & Exceptions

  • Condition 1: No drawback is allowed if the export value of the goods is less than the value of the imported materials used in their manufacture, or is not more than a specified percentage of the value of the imported materials. The specific percentage is set by notification.
  • Condition 2: Drawback claims must be filed within the manner and the time within which the claim for payment of drawback may be filed.
  • Exception: The Central Government can specify circumstances and conditions under which the drawback will be allowed even if the sale proceeds are not received within the stipulated time under FEMA.

Practical Example

A company in India imports raw materials worth ₹10,00,000 and pays a customs duty of ₹1,00,000. It uses these materials to manufacture finished goods which are then exported for ₹15,00,000. If the Central Government has notified that these goods are eligible for drawback and all other conditions are met, the company can claim a drawback of ₹1,00,000 (the customs duty paid on the imported materials). However, if the export value was only ₹9,00,000 (less than the value of imported raw material), then as per proviso to section 75(1), drawback may not be allowed.

Key Amendments

No major amendments since enactment.

(1)Where it appears to the Central Government that in respect of goods of any class or description manufactured, processed or on which any operation has been carried out in India1 , being goods which have been entered for export and in respect of which an order permitting the clearance and loading thereof for exportation has been made under section 51 by the proper officer2, 3[or being goods entered for export by post under 4[clause (a) of section 84] and in respect of which an order permitting clearance for exportation has been made by the proper officer], a drawback should be allowed of duties of customs chargeable under this Act on any imported materials of a class or description used in the 5[manufacture or processing of such goods or carrying out any operation on such goods], the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, direct that drawback shall be allowed in respect of such goods in accordance with, and subject to, the rules made under sub-section (2): 6[Provided that no drawback shall be allowed under this sub-section in respect of any of the aforesaid goods which the Central Government may, by rules made under sub-section (2), specify, if the export value of such goods or class of goods is less than the value of the imported materials used in the 7[manufacture or processing of such goods or carrying out any operation on such goods or class of goods], or is not more than such percentage of the value of the imported materials used in the 7[manufacture or processing of such goods or carrying out any operation on such goods or class of goods] as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf :
Provided further that where any drawback has been allowed on any goods under this sub-section and the sale proceeds in respect of such goods are not received by or on behalf of the exporter in India within the time allowed under the 8[Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (42 of 1999)], such drawback shall 9[except under such circumstances or such conditions as the Central Government may, by rule, specify,] be deemed never to have been allowed and the Central Government may, by rules made under sub-section (2), specify the procedure for the recovery or adjustment of the amount of such drawback.]
(1A)Where it appears to the Central Government that the quantity of a particular material imported into India is more than the total quantity of like material that has been used in the goods 11[manufactured, processed or on which any operation has been carried out in India10 and exported outside India, then, the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare that so much of the material as is contained in the goods exported shall, for the purpose of sub-section (1), be deemed to be imported material.]
(2)The Central Government may make rules for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of sub-section (1) and, in particular, such rules may provide -
(a)for the payment of drawback equal to the amount of duty actually paid on the imported materials used in the manufacture or processing of the goods or carrying out any operation on the goods or as is specified in the rules as the average amount of duty paid on the materials of that class or description used in the manufacture or processing of export goods or carrying out any operation on export goods of that class or description either by manufacturers generally or by persons processing or carrying on any operation generally or by any particular manufacturer or particular person carrying on any process or other operation, and interest if any payable thereon;12
(aa)for specifying the goods in respect of which no drawback shall be allowed;13
(ab)for specifying the procedure for recovery or adjustment of the amount of any drawback which had been allowed under sub-section (1) or interest chargeable thereon14;
(b)for the production of such certificates, documents and other evidence in support of each claim of drawback as may be necessary;
(c)for requiring the manufacturer or the person carrying out any process or other operation15 to give access to every part of his manufactory to any officer of customs specially authorised in this behalf by the Assistant Commissioner of Customs or Deputy Commissioner of Customs16 to enable such authorised officer to inspect the processes of manufacture, process or any other operation carried out17 and to verify by actual check or otherwise the statements made in support of the claim for drawback.
(d)for the manner and the time within which the claim for payment of drawback may be filed;18
(3)The power to make rules conferred by sub-section (2) shall include the power to give drawback with retrospective effect from a date not earlier than the date of changes in the rates of duty on inputs used in the export goods.19

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is drawback under Section 75 of the Customs Act, 1962?

Section 75 of the Customs Act, 1962, allows for a refund (drawback) of customs duties paid on imported materials that are used in the manufacture of goods which are subsequently exported. This provision aims to reduce the cost burden on exporters and make Indian goods more competitive in the international market by essentially refunding the import duties embedded in the exported product. The Central Government issues notifications specifying the goods eligible for drawback and the applicable rates, as detailed in subsection (1).

What conditions must be met to claim drawback under Section 75 of the Customs Act, 1962?

To claim drawback under Section 75, the goods must be manufactured, processed, or have had an operation carried out on them in India using imported materials, and then be exported. A crucial condition is that the export order permitting clearance and loading must be issued by the proper officer under Section 51. Further, the sale proceeds for the exported goods must be received within the time allowed under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999; failure to do so can result in the drawback being deemed never to have been allowed.

Can the Central Government deny drawback under Section 75? If so, under what circumstances?

Yes, the Central Government can deny drawback under Section 75. Drawback can be denied if the export value of the goods is less than the value of the imported materials used in their manufacture, or if the export value is not more than a specified percentage of the imported materials' value. These conditions are detailed in the proviso to subsection (1) and are specified through notifications issued by the Central Government.

How is the amount of drawback determined under Section 75 of the Customs Act, 1962?

The amount of drawback is determined by the Central Government and is typically equal to the duty actually paid on the imported materials. Alternatively, rules may specify an average amount of duty paid on materials of that class or description, either for manufacturers generally or for a particular manufacturer. The Central Government establishes these rules under subsection (2)(a), providing flexibility in calculating the drawback amount.

What happens if export proceeds are not realized after claiming drawback under Section 75?

If the sale proceeds for exported goods are not received within the time frame allowed under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999, any drawback already granted may be deemed never to have been allowed. In such cases, the Central Government can specify procedures for the recovery or adjustment of the drawback amount, as detailed in the second proviso to subsection (1), potentially leading to a demand for repayment of the drawback claimed.

If excess imported materials are used beyond what is exported, how does Section 75 apply?

Subsection (1A) of Section 75 addresses situations where the quantity of imported material exceeds the quantity used in exported goods. The Central Government can declare that the material contained in the exported goods is deemed to be imported material for the purposes of calculating the drawback, ensuring that drawback is limited to the imported material actually incorporated into the exported products.

Where can I find the specific rules and notifications regarding drawback under Section 75?

The specific rules and notifications regarding drawback under Section 75 are issued by the Central Government and published in the Official Gazette. These notifications will detail eligible goods, drawback rates, procedures for claiming drawback, and any conditions or restrictions on drawback claims, as authorized by subsections (1) and (2) of Section 75.

Key Conditions & Requirements

ConditionDetails
Goods must be manufactured/processed in India Drawback applies to goods manufactured, processed, or on which any operation has been carried out in India using imported materials. The goal is to incentivize value addition within the country before export.
Goods must be entered for export The goods must be entered for export, and a proper officer must have issued an order permitting clearance and loading for exportation under Section 51 or Section 84(a).
Drawback amount related to duty paid The drawback amount is related to the duties of customs paid on the imported materials used in the manufacture or processing of the exported goods, but the Central Government determines the specific amount or method of calculation.
Export value threshold limits drawback No drawback is allowed if the export value is less than the value of imported materials or is not more than a specified percentage of the imported material's value, as determined by the Central Government.
Sale proceeds must be received Drawback is deemed never to have been allowed if sale proceeds are not received within the time allowed under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999, subject to exceptions specified by the Central Government by rule.
Recovery/adjustment if proceeds not received The Central Government specifies procedures for recovering or adjusting the drawback amount if the sale proceeds are not received within the permissible time frame.
Rules may specify goods ineligible for drawback The Central Government can make rules specifying goods for which no drawback will be allowed under this section, essentially creating a negative list.
Access to factory for verification Manufacturers must provide customs officers access to their factories to inspect manufacturing processes and verify statements made in support of drawback claims to prevent fraud.

Amendment History

123456789+10 moreSuperscript numbers in the text mark amended passages — click them to jump here. Click "↑ view in text" to jump back.
1

Substituted by the Finance Act, 1995 (22 of 1995), section 61(a)(i), for "manufactured in India" (w.e.f. 26.05.1995).

2

Substituted by the Finance Act, 1983 (11 of 1983), section 52, for "and exported to any place outside India" (w.e.f. 13.05.1983).

3

Inserted by the Customs (Amendment) Act, 1985 (80 of 1985), section 7, (w.e.f. 13.05.1985).

4

Substituted by section 86 (w.e.f. 29.03.2018), by Finance Act, 2018 (13 of 2018), for "section 82".

5

Substituted by the Finance Act, 1995 (22 of 1995), section 61(a)(ii), for "manufacture of such goods" (w.e.f. 26.05.1995).

6

Inserted by the Finance (No.2) Act, 1991 (49 of 1991), section 120(1)(a) (w.e.f. 27.9.1991).

7

Substituted by the Finance Act, 1995 (22 of 1995), section 61(a)(ii), for "manufacture of such goods" (w.e.f. 26.05.1995).

8

Substituted by the Finance Act, 2002 (20 of 2002), section 125, for "Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (46 of 1973)" (w.e.f. 11.05.2002).

9

Inserted (w.e.f. 8-4-2011) by s. 46 of the Finance Act, 2011 (8 of 2011)

10

Inserted by the Customs, Central Excises and Salt and Central Boards of Revenue (Amendment) Act, 1978 (25 of 1978), section 10(a) (w.e.f. 01.07.1978).

11

Substituted by the Finance Act, 1995 (22 of 1995), section 61(b), for "manufactured in India" (w.e.f. 26.05.1995).

12

Substituted by the Finance Act, 1995 (22 of 1995), section 61(c)(i), for clause (a) (w.e.f. 26.05.1995). Earlier clause (a) was amended by Act 25 of 1978, section 10(b) (w.e.f. 01.07.1978).

13

Inserted by the Finance (No.2) Act, 1991 (49 of 1991), section 120(1)(b) (w.e.f. 27.12.1991).

14

Inserted by the Finance Act, 1995 (22 of 1995), section 61(c)(ii), (w.e.f. 26.05.1995).

15

Substituted by the Finance Act, 1995 (22 of 1995), section 61(c)(iii)(a), for "manufacture" (w.e.f. 26.05.1995).

16

Substituted by the Finance Act, 1999 (27 of 1999), section 100, for "Assistant Commissioner of Customs" (w.e.f. 11.05.1999). Earlier the words "Assistant Commissioner of Customs" were substituted by Act 22 of 1995, section 50, for the words "Assistant Collector of Customs" (w.e.f. 26.05.1995).

17

Substituted by the the Finance Act, 1995 (22 of 1995), section 61(c)(iii)(a), for "manufacture" (w.e.f. 26.05.1995).

18

Inserted by the Finance Act, 1995 (22 of 1995), section 61(iv), (w.e.f. 26.05.1995).

19

Inserted by the Finance Act, 1995 (22 of 1995), section 61(d), (w.e.f. 26.05.1995).

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